The overuse of medications for primary headache disorders is a worldwide phenomenon that plays an im-portant role in the chronicity of headache disorders.The high treatment cost and co-morbidity with various diseases pose a heavy burden on individuals and societies.In the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders,medication overuse headache(MOH)is recognized as a separate secondary entity to most primary headache disorders.This article reviews the overview,epidemiology,pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnostic criteria,and treatments of MOH,discusses some unsolved questions,and summarizes the current debate on MOH.