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城市建筑物消防安全评估

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为降低城市建筑物消防安全风险,提高建筑单体抵御火灾事故的能力,从建筑消防设计、建筑消防设施和消防安全管理3方面综合识别消防安全影响因素,构建城市建筑物消防安全评估指标体系;采用信息熵和结构熵组合权重-逼近理想解法(TOPSIS)模型综合评估城市各类建筑及各区域的消防安全风险,并以我国西部X市5大区域262个建筑物加以验证;最后得到消防安全指数和综合排序,进而明晰城市建筑物消防现存的薄弱点.结果表明:消防安全综合评估排序为商业综合体＞中小学＞文物古建筑＞高层建筑,城中＞城北＞城东＞城西＞城南,需重点关注高层建筑和城市边缘区县的消防安全风险;用该模型得到的评估结果与现状概况相符.
Fire safety assessment of urban buildings
In order to reduce the fire safety risk of urban buildings and improve the ability of building units to resist fire accidents,the influencing factors of fire safety were identified from three aspects:building fire protection design,building fire protection facilities and fire safety management,and the assessment index system of fire safety of urban buildings was constructed.A combined weighting-TOPSIS model of structural entropy and information entropy was applied to assess the fire safety risk of each district and each type of building in the cities.The model was validated with 262 buildings in 5 major areas of X city in western China.Finally,fire safety index and comprehensive ranking were obtained,and then the existing weak points of urban buildings fire protection were clarified.The results indicate that comprehensive evaluation order of fire safety is commercial complexes＞primary and secondary schools＞heritage buildings＞high-rise buildings,city center＞north of the city＞east of the city＞west of the city＞south of the city.The fire safety risk of urban fringe counties and high-rises need to be paid attention to.The assessment results calculated with this model are consistent with the current situation.

urban buildingsfire safety evaluationcombination weighttechnique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)index system

周恩毅、谭露、胡金荣

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西安建筑科技大学马克思主义学院,陕西西安 710055

西安建筑科技大学公共管理学院,陕西西安 710055

城市建筑物 消防安全评估 组合权重 逼近理想解法(TOPSIS) 指标体系

教育部人文社会科学研究项目陕西省社会科学界重大理论与现实问题研究项目陕西省大学生创新创业训练计划省级项目

20XJA6300042019C089S20220701103

2024

10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.0201

中国安全科学学报
中国职业安全健康协会

中国安全科学学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.548
ISSN：1003-3033
年,卷(期)：2024.34(3)
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