In order to improve the safety of the shale oil gathering and transportation process,this paper took the shale oil gathering and transportation process under the in-situ transformation technology of superheated steam injection of oil shale as the evaluation object.In the process of shale oil gathering and transportation,the hazard were analyzed and the whole process was divided into three subsystems.The risk of each subsystem was analyzed qualitatively by using hazard and operability analysis(HAZOP)method.According to the results of the qualitative analysis,the probability of fire and explosion accidents and the risk grade of each subsystem were calculated by using layer of protection analysis(LOPA)and Dow fire and explosion index(F&EI)method.The nodes of shale oil gathering and transportation process were divided,and Bow-tie models for oil and gas leakage accidents containing hydrogen sulfide and oil and gas leakage accidents after purification were established respectively.Based on results of risk assessment.effective safety prevention and control measures were developed.The results show that the subsystems that may cause accidents in the oil and gas gathering and transportation process are:steam generation system,cooling separation system,ammonia desulfurization system and cooling separation system,in which the leakage of the steam generation system will not cause fire and explosion accidents,and the fire and explosion risk grades of the remaining subsystems are:ammonia desulfurization system,cooling separation system and gas extraction and desulfurization system in order from heavy to light.
shale oiloil and gas gathering and transportationcritical subsystemrisk assessmentsafety preventionin-situ conversion technology
维普
万方数据
