Investigation of the Chengtou Organization in the Western Guangxi Tusi Region in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
In the western Guangxi in the Ming Dynasty,Tianzhou(田州)and Sien(思恩)Tusi both generally establish Chengtou(城头)organizations,and these organizations continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.The close cooperation of Chengtou Organization and taxtation system made it possible for the Tusi to levy taxes and corvée effectively.The"marginal"groups in Tusi area are constantly absorbed into the Chengtou organizations,the economic and cultural differences between different regions and groups were gradually narrowed,and the degree of social integration was getting higher and higher.In addition to the functions of levying taxes and corvée,the Chengtou organizations of Tianzhou and Sien in the Ming Dynasty also had prominent military functions.In the Qing Dynasty,the military function of Chengtou organizations gradually faded away,and the function of levying taxes and corvee became more prominent,its operation mode was more and more similar to the"Li(Tu)Jia"of general official-governed region.
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