"Islands Reclamation"of Fujian and the Practice of Maritime Governance in the Qianlong Period
During the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods,Local Fujian officials requested the central government to open up forbidden islands along the coast in the name of reclamation and increase taxes,but failed.In Qianlong Emperor and the Ministers'consideration,on the one hand,to inhibit the privatization and commercialization of marine resources,prevent the development and growth of rich families that might threaten the maritime safety;on the other hand,to ensure the livelihoods of the poor and avoid them from"risk danger in desperation".The local officials who insisted on banning the island,suggested that the ocean near the forbidden islands should remain open to the poor.The huge gap between the central ban and the local circumstances was transformed into an institutional arrangement that was easily accepted by the Emperor,and opened a slit in policy for the development of the forbidden island.
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