The Datong Horse Market and the Northern Borderland Situation during Chongzhen Period of the Ming Dynasty
During the reign of Emperor Chongzhen,complex relations formed among the Tumed,Khalkha,the Later Jin Dynasty,and the Ming Dynasty centering on the Shahu Fort Horse Market.Although Tumed tribe had already submitted to the Later Jin Dynasty,there were still estrangement and contradictions between them,which forced the Later Jin Dynasty to curry favor with Tumed tribe in order to consolidate its rule.The Tumed and Khalkha tribes had the closest relationship,with both sides sharing the common aspiration of exchanging horses with Ming for silver and goods,as well as conflicts over the division of horse-selling interests.As a major force outside of the Ming and Later Jin,the northern Khalkha became an object of both courting and suppression by the Later Jin Dynasty.In order to compete for warhorse resources,the Later Jin tried to prevent Khalkha from selling horses to the Ming Dynasty.By opening the horse market,the Ming Dynasty obtained warhorse resources while actively uniting the Tumed and Khalkha Mongols to resist the Later Jin.From the mediation between the Ming Dynasty and several major surrounding tribes centering on the Datong Horse Market,we can see the complex historical landscape of the northern borderland.
the Ming DynastyShahu FortHorse Marketthe Later Jin DynastyMongols
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