Assessing F1 Heterosis and F2 Genetic Variation in Oat:A Case Study
This study investigated the heterosis and genetic variation of oat hybrids derived from recip-rocal crosses between the introduced variety Everleaf(♀)and the domestic variety Longyan 5(♂).The phenotypic traits of were observed,and their heterosis were analyzed.The F1 and F2 generations were evaluated for phenotypic traits and heterosis,and genetic variation within the F2 population was analyzed.The results showed that reciprocal cross significantly impacted phenotypic traits and heterosis in the F1 gen-eration.The forward cross(Everleaf ♀×Longyan5 ♂,AL5)matured 6 days earlier and had greater plant height,main spikelet number,thousand-grain weight,and peduncle length compared to the reverse cross(Longyan5 ♀×Everleaf ♂,L5A).However,the forward cross exhibited lower flag leaf length and width,and penultimate leaf length(P<0.05).Both crosses displayed over-parent heterosis for panicle length,with 41.33%in the forward cross and 31.92%in the reverse cross.The lowest heterosis was obtained for stem diameter in both crosses(-45.53%and-36.92%,respectively).The F2 population exhibited wide genetic variation and segregation for most traits.Tiller number and effective tiller number had the highest coefficient of variation and relative genetic progress,while plant height and stem diameter had the highest heritability.Leaf and grain number of main panicle had similar coefficient of variation but differed in heritability and relative genetic progress.Traits with significant F1 heterosis(stem diameter and main panicle length)showed an approximately normal distribution in the F2 population.In the forward cross,6.50%of F2 plants exhibited over-parent heterosis for main panicle length exceeding 30.00%,com-pared to 23.30%in the reverse cross.In conclusion,the F2 population exhibited substantial genetic varia-tion,with tiller number and effective tiller number offering the greatest potential for selection.Early gen-eration selection for trait like plant height,stem diameter,and main panicle length may also be effective.
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