Progress in diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitors associated cholangitis
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)which promoting anti-tumor immunity by enhancing T-cell-mediated immune responses,are widely used in the treatment of advanced solid tumors and metastatic tumors.Currently marketed ICIs mainly include anti-programmed death-1(PD-1)and its ligand PD-L1 and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4)monoclonal antibodies.ICIs can affect the body's tolerance to autoantigens,and lead to the loss of normal immune tolerance,thus resulting in immune-related adverse reactions(irAEs),which seriously affecting the continuity of treatment,and may even cause adverse consequences.Cholangitis is one of the rare adverse reactions of ICIs digestive system.Our article elaborates the epidemiology,mechanism,clinical manifestations,and treatment management of ICIs-related cholangitis on the basis of literature,aiming to provide reference for clinical medical personnel to identify and manage ICIs-related cholangitis.
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