传粉昆虫是生物多样性重要组成部分,昆虫传粉生境建设能有效减缓植物授粉危机,有利于城市生物多样性保护和促进自然教育.文章通过检索文献库CNKI和Web of Science近 20 年相关文献,采用文献计量法、内容分析法,对昆虫传粉生境营建相关的规划与设计、建设与管理研究成果进行梳理.结果表明:规划方面,注重该类绿地与区域生态网络和城市专项规划融合;设计方面,强调植物选用遵循"双高""本土""多样化"原则,并采用"高密群植""防风向阳"方式配置;建设方面,提倡保留多种地表,增加与雨水花园、绿色屋顶等生态景观布置和栖息设施举措;管理方面,建议纳入 4 种特色日常管理措施,并提出管理部门的政策支持能助力实现昆虫多样性目标.文章最后提出传粉生境营建研究还存在意义彰显不足、实践应用待加强,以及我国发展缓慢等相关思考,旨在对我国城市昆虫传粉生境营建与城市生物多样性保护提供研究参考.
Progress and Thoughts on Establishment of Urban Insect Pollination Habitats
Pollinators play an important role in biodiversity,and insect pollination habitat can be established to effectively mitigate the crisis of plant pollination,which is conducive to urban biodiversity protection and promoting nature education.The paper retrieves the literature included in CNKI and Web of Science in the past 20 years,and reviews the research on planning and design,establishment and management of insect pollination habitats using bibliometric method and content analysis method.The results show that in terms of planning,attention should be paid to the inclusion of this type of green space into regional ecological network and special urban planning;in terms of design,the emphasis should be placed on the principles of"high pollen volume and high nectar yield","native"and"diversification"in the selection of plants,and the configuration pattern of"high density group planting"and"windproof and sunny exposure"should be adopted;in terms of establishment,retention of multiple surfaces,and increase of ecological landscape layout and habitat facilities such as rain garden and green roof should be advocated;in terms of management,suggestions are put forward to employ four kinds of daily management measures and to enhance the policy support for realizing the goal of insect diversity.At the end,the problems are identified for the research,including insufficient research on pollination habitat,ineffective practices and application,and slow development in China.This study is aimed to provide references for the research on urban insect pollination habitat and urban biodiversity protection in China.
urban forestrybiodiversitypollinating gardenhabitat restorationlandscape planning and design
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