从街道场所到城市区域:美国城市宜居性的研究与实践
From Street Place to Urban Areas:Research and Practices of Urban Livability in the US
蒋敏 1刁游 2卢峰1
作者信息
- 1. 重庆大学建筑城规学院 重庆 400030;重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 重庆 400030
- 2. 中国建筑西南设计研究院 成都 610041
- 折叠
摘要
"宜居性"是20 世纪60 年代以来美国人本主义城市设计中的重要议题.区别于现代主义带有浓重乌托邦色彩的宏大城市构想,宜居性理论重点关注微小叙事和日常生活.文章通过详细梳理 20 世纪 60 年代以来美国宜居性理论研究和实践的发展历程发现:1996 年以前的宜居性研究聚焦于街道—场所尺度,包含两条研究脉络,即从安全的街道到复合型林荫大道和从交往的场所到公共领域的重塑;1996 年以后,新城市主义理论的发展推动了"街道—社区—城市—区域"多尺度融合的宜居性研究和实践.在此基础上,对我国的宜居城市建设提出 3 点启示:以人为本,优化步行和公交系统;关注日常生活,鼓励公共参与;注重多尺度空间要素的一致性和完整性.
Abstract
Livability is an important issue of humanism urban design in the US since the 1960s.In contrast to modernism's utopian vision,livability theory focuses on micro narrative and daily life.This paper elaborates on the development of livability theory and its practices in the US since the 1960s.It finds out that that research on livability before 1996 mainly focused on the scale of street-place,with eyes on the two trajectories:from safe streets to multiple roadway boulevards,and from social places to public realm reshaping.The rise of New Urbanism in 1996 has promoted the research on and practice of livability in a multi-dimensional approach ranging from streets,communities,cities to regions.Based on the analysis,three inspirations are proposed for livable city construction in China,i.e.,adhering to the people-oriented principle to optimize pedestrian and public transport system,focusing on daily life to encourage public participation,and achieving the consistency and integrity of multi-scale spatial elements.
关键词
城市宜居性/街道生活/人本主义城市设计/公共空间Key words
urban livability/street life/humanistic urban design/public space引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078069)
重庆市博士后科学基金(cstc2021jcyjbshx0040)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据