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不同声环境下苏州园林视听感知偏好

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  • NETL
  • NSTL
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苏州园林作为特殊的生态环境,独特的造景手法使其拥有不同于其他场景的视听景观.文章以拙政园为例,从视听感知角度出发,以问卷调查为主,眼动追踪为辅,量化比较不同声环境对景观偏好的影响.结果表明:1)不同声景元素构成的声环境对景观偏好具有重要影响,人们总体上更偏好自然声环境下的园林场景;2)多数情况下,有声环境与无声环境的视觉行为存在差异,声环境变化会显著影响观察者的视觉注意力,在人工声环境下尤为明显;3)优质视觉景观下,除人工声外,声环境的变化对视觉景观偏好无显著影响,但对声偏好与整体视听偏好均存在显著影响;4)所有声环境条件对整体视听偏好影响程度大小为听觉和谐＞安静度＞视觉和谐＞开放性.因此,为提高拙政园游人视听景观感知体验,应聚焦声景观提升,在构建声景时应尽可能减少或控制人工声源要素,并考虑不同声源搭配是否和谐,关注不同场景下声环境的声压级范围;同时,还应注意视觉场景的协调性与开放程度.
Audio-visual Perception Preference over Suzhou Gardens in Different Acoustic Environments
As a special ecological environment,Suzhou gardens have unique landscaping approaches that make them have the audio-visual landscapes different from other scenes.From the perspective of audio-visual perception,this paper quantitatively compares the influence of different acoustic environments on landscape preference based on the questionnaire survey and supplemented by eye tracking with Humble Administrator's Garden as the case study.The results show that:1)The acoustic environment composed of different soundscape elements has an important impact on landscape preference,and people generally prefer to garden scenes in natural acoustic environment;2)In most cases,the sound environment has different visual behaviors from the silent environment,and the change in sound environment has a significant impact on visual attention of observers,especially in the artificial sound environment;3)In the quality visual landscape,except for artificial acoustic environment,the changes in acoustic environment have no significant impact on visual scene but have significant impact on audio preference and overall visual preference;and 4)The influence of all acoustic environments on the overall audiovisual preference is ranked as auditory harmony＞quietness＞visual harmony＞openness.In summary,in order to improve the audiovisual landscape perception of visitors to the Humble Administrator's Garden,the soundscape should be focused and the elements of artificial sound source should be reduced or controlled as much as possible in the construction of the soundscape,and the harmony among different sound sources should be also considered to take notice of the range of sound pressure level under the acoustic environment in different scenes.In addition,attention should be paid to the coordination and openness of the visual scene.

acoustic environmentaudiovisual preferenceeye trackingHumble Administrator's Garden

莫秋凡、高飞、张兴、翁尉华、司道光

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苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院 江苏苏州 215011

黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 哈尔滨 150040

苏州园林设计院股份有限公司 江苏苏州 215164

声环境 视听偏好 眼动追踪 拙政园

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目"十四五"江苏省重点学科建设项目黑龙江省博士后基金面上项目苏州市风景园林学会科研与科普专委会产学研课题国家自然科学基金青年项目2022年江苏省研究生实践创新计划

52008280082240006/002/00352308029SJCX22＿1598

2024

10.12169/zgcsly.2023.11.13.0003

中国城市林业
中国林业科学研究院

中国城市林业

影响因子：0.467
ISSN：1672-4925
年,卷(期)：2024.22(3)