Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Germ Cell Tumors in the Basal Ganglia
Objective Summarize and analyze the clinical and imaging features of germ cell tumors in the basal ganglia(BGG).Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data of BGG patients admitted to Beijing Union Medical College Hospital from January 2013 to September 2023.Results Most of the 18 patients with BGG showed unilateral limb weakness.All patients had normal AFP,and 7 cases(7/18)serum β-HCG elevated,8 cases(8/15)cerebrospinal fluid β-HCG elevation.A total of 19 lesions were found(1 case bilateral),MRI findings:Type Ⅰ(7 patients)showing patchy and slightly high signal intensity on T2WI,without enhancement;Type Ⅱ(7 patients)manifested as patchy and round T1WI low signal,T2WI high signal,nodular enhancement(lesion＜3cm);Type Ⅳ(5 patients)manifestated as cystic solid mass shadow with significant enhancement(lesion＞3cm).14 cases(14/18)showed ipsilateral cerebral foot atrophy,8 cases(8/18)showed ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere atrophy.Conclusion BGG commonly seen in males aged 10-14,different imaging subtypes have their own characteristics,combined with clinical manifestations of hemiplegia and serum and cerebrospinal fluid tumor markers(AFP、β-HCG)examination can make early diagnosis.
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