From Reductionism to Super-complex System Theory:A Shift in Methodology in Futures School Research
Futures school is a crucial lever for the high-quality development of education in the new era.Currently,due to the influence of reductionism,the construction of futures school exhibits drawbacks such as substituting elements for the whole,neglecting the value of education,and considering school as a closed system.As a result,the exploration of futures school has taken on characteristics of being element-oriented,devoid of intrinsic value,and closed-off.Super-complex systems not only represent a breakthrough from reductionism but also serves as a refinement and supplementation to complex systems theory.From the perspective of super-complex systems theory,futures school needs to focus on four features:levels of reality,chronotopoids,interactions,and anticipation.Based on this,futures school centers its attention on super-complex,emphasizing integrity,ethics,and anticipation,thereby outlining a systemic,holistic,and open vision of futures.
futures schoolreductionismsuper-complex systems theorysuper-complexitymethodology
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