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学科类校外培训之缘起、存在问题及治理对策

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落实"双减"政策的关键在于有效治理学科类校外培训,切实减轻我国学生学业负担.面对"双减"政策实施后学科类校外培训被大规模压减的现象,部分学校、教师、家长出现了无所适从的感觉,社会上开始出现"学科类校外培训是校内教育的必要补充、高考制度的必然产物、教育资源不均衡发展的自然产物"等关于学科类校外培训不应该被压减的争议.该文结合多个国家影子教育的发展历程,抽丝剥茧分析其与校内教育、高考、教育均衡发展等热议问题的非直接关系,从教育理念、经济收入水平和文化意识等内在本质要素层面对其缘起进行归因,厘清学科类校外培训的本质起源.并且,从人才培养、教育公平、社会阶层流动等范畴由小及大明晰其膨胀式发展带来消极影响.进而立足我国国情,提出"坚持校内教育主阵地、科学管控扭转异化教育功能、深化教育评价综合改革"等治理对策.
Discussion on the Origin,Problems and Governance Suggestion of Disciplinary Off-campus Training
The effective management of off-campus training is the key and difficult work to implement the"Double Reduction"policy and effectively reduce the academic burden of Chinese students.Faced with the phenomenon of large-scale reduction in disciplinary off-campus training after the implementation of the"Double Reduction"policy,some schools,teachers and parents felt at a loss.The society began to appear,"disciplinary off-campus training is a necessary supplement to on-campus education,the inevitable product of the college entrance examination system,the natural product of the unbalanced development of educational resources"which are the controversies on the subject off-campus training should not be reduced.In order to clarify the essential origin of disciplinary off-campus training and guide people to return to rational thinking,this paper combined with the development process of shadow education in several countries and analyzed its indirect relationship with internal hot issues such as on-campus education,college entrance examination and balanced development of education,then attributed its origin from the level of intrinsic elements such as educational concept,economic income level and cultural awareness.In addition,from the aspects of talent training,educational equity,social class mobility and so on,it clarifies the problems brought by its expansive development.Then,based on the national conditions of our country,the paper puts forward the comprehensive management suggestions of"adhering to the main position of on-campus education,reversing the alienated educational function through scientific management and control,deepening the reform of educational evaluation and abandoning the Meritocracy".

discipline trainingcause of developmentgovernanceinternational comparison

冯嵩、张倩

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教育部 校外教育培训监管司,北京 100816

华南师范大学 教师教育学部,广东 广州 510631

学科类培训 发展缘由 治理 国际比较

2024

中国电化教育
中央电化教育馆

中国电化教育

CSSCI北大核心
影响因子:4.435
ISSN:1006-9860
年,卷(期):2024.(12)