平板触头被广泛应用于真空触发开关和真空有载分接开关中,为研究其在高电流密度下的真空电弧特性及阳极模式的转变,该文针对直径15、20 mm的平板触头,在3、6 mm开距下进行触发燃弧实验,并依次对电弧电压特性、电弧能量特性、电弧形貌、触头烧蚀情况进行分析研究.结果表明:峰值电流一定时,随着触头直径与开距的比值的增大,电弧电压和电弧能量减小.触头直径与开距的比值越小,电弧出现阳极模式的阈值电流越小,且触头烧蚀越严重.在开距6 mm时,直径15 mm触头电弧电压在大部分时间比较稳定,阳极羽流在电弧快熄灭之前出现,而直径 20 mm 触头电弧电压在整个燃弧期间频繁波动,电弧模式不断变化,阳极羽流在整个燃弧期间都有出现.研究结果对于大电流真空开断具有理论指导意义.
Experimental Study on Vacuum Arc Characteristics of Butt Contacts With Short Gap and High Current Density
Butt contacts is widely used in vacuum trigger switch and vacuum on-load tap changer.In order to study the vacuum arc characteristics and anode mode change under high current density,the butt contacts with diameters of 15 and 20 mm are tested at 3 and 6 mm gap in this paper,and arc voltage characteristics,arc energy characteristics,arc morphology and contact ablation are analyzed in turn.The results show that,when the peak current is constant,the arc voltage and arc energy decrease with the increase of the ratio of contact diameter to gap distance.The smaller the ratio between the diameter of the contact and the gap distance,the smaller the threshold current of the arc anode mode,and the more serious the ablation of the contact.At the gap distance of 6 mm,the 15 mm contact arc voltage is relatively stable in most of the time,and the anode plume appears before the arc is about to be extinguished,while the 20 mm contact arc voltage fluctuates frequently during the entire arc,the arc mode changes constantly,and the anode plume appears during the entire arc.The research results have theoretical significance for high current vacuum breaking.
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