摘要
禽传染性支气管炎(infectious bronchitis,IB)是由传染性支气管炎病毒(infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性和致死性禽传染病,主要侵害禽类的呼吸系统、泌尿生殖系统和消化系统,呈世界性分布.IBV拥有众多的基因型和血清型且容易发生变异,但其具体分型方法还没有明确的国际规定,常见的有基因分型、血清学分型和临床分型方法.IB确诊需要通过实验室检测,常用诊断方法有病毒分离鉴定、血清学诊断及分子生物学诊断.每种方法都有其各自的优点和缺点,单一的诊断方法难以满足快速、灵敏、特异、经济和实用等诸多检测要求.疫苗接种是目前防控IB的主要措施,所用疫苗主要有弱毒活疫苗、灭活疫苗、重组活载体疫苗、亚单位疫苗和核酸疫苗,但这些商品化疫苗仍无法对鸡群提供足够的免疫保护,需要加紧研发新型疫苗.本文对IB的病原学、流行病学以及诊断技术和疫苗等研究进展情况进行综述,以期为该病临床防控提供参考.
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is an acute,highly contagious and fatal avian infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),mainly infringing on respiratory,genitourinary and digestive systems of poultry,and is distributed all over the world.IBV is divided into numerous genotypes and serotypes,and is prone to variation,but its specific typing methods have not been internationally defined,which usually include genotyping,serotyping and clinical typing.IB confirmation is subject to laboratory test usually using virus isolation and identification,serological diagnosis and molecular biological diagnosis.Each of these methods has specific advantages and disadvantages,and is incompetent for rapid,sensitive,specific,economical and practical detection.IB is now mainly prevented and controlled by vaccination,involving live attenuated vaccines,inactivated vaccines,recombinant live vector vaccines,subunit vaccines and nucleic acid vaccines.But all the commercial vaccines fail to provide chicken sufficient immunoprotection,requiring new vaccines.In the study,etiology,epidemiology,pathogen typing,diagnosis technology and vaccine development against IB were reviewed to provide a reference for clinical prevention and control of the disease.
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