Thesaurus is derived from many dictionaries,which do not explain the meaning of words,but compile them with the method of replacing synonyms.Thesaurus mainly discusses the thesaurus relations of words.Vocabulary is a rich but uncluttered system,with its own coherent system.There are many kinds of connections between words that come together to form different aggregates.A thesaurus is a huge collection of words formed according to the meaning relations and related features of objects in the vocabulary system.The purpose of this paper is to explore the term connotation and semantic relation types of thesaurus,and to study the application of thesaurus in scientific vocabulary processing,core vocabulary system construction and language vocabulary teaching in combination with the classification criteria of thesaurus in Russian and Chinese.This paper explores the linguistic value of thesaurus,its distribution and aggregation characteristics,and its great role in the description of vocabulary through the theoretical investigation and specific semantic analysis of thesaurus lexical system.