Ivanov,created in 1887,was Chekhov's first major play to be staged and publicly published,reflecting his active participation in the ideological trends of the time and his tense exploration of new dramatic forms.Reviewing the critical reception of Ivanov by the Russian intellectual community between 1887 and 1905,one observes a spirited discourse surrounding the play's protagonist,ideology,and aesthetic merit.The main external reason for the early criticism surrounding the play was attributed to the mismatch between the stage production conditions and Chekhov's dramatic aesthetics,as well as a divergence between the critical evaluation standards prevalent during that time and Chekhov's artistic intentions.The"mixing of old and new"in aesthetic form and the complexity of the protagonist's image are the internal reasons for the ongoing controversy surrounding Ivanov in both early and subsequent criticism.
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