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行政诉讼的诉审判一致性

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行政诉讼的诉讼请求与本案审理、司法判决之间的关系是行政诉讼法的重要基础问题,关乎整个行政诉讼的功能及其实现.2014年修改《行政诉讼法》突出强调了原告诉讼请求的意义,这在很大程度上改变了行政诉讼的基本构造.从功能角度而言,我国的行政诉讼主要属于主观诉讼,私人起诉的目的在于寻求自身合法权益的救济.法院在行政诉讼中是行政争议的裁决者,藉由诉讼制度实现原告的诉权,不可脱离诉讼制度而成为行政的监督者.不告不理是行政诉讼制度的基本要求,围绕原告的诉讼请求及其诉讼理由展开诉讼的审查也是题中之义.法院审查诉讼请求仍可审查行政行为的合法性,但仅仅审查行政行为的合法性不足以有效回应原告的给付类诉讼请求.法院应当回应而不得逸出原告的诉讼请求作出判决;在现有法律规定无法回应原告的诉讼请求时,法院也可以作出法定外的判决.坚持行政诉讼的诉审判一致性,更合乎行政诉讼的内在构造,且有助于提升诉讼的对话性和有效性.
The relationship between the claim,trial and judgment of administrative litigation is an important basic issue of administrative litigation law,which concerns the function of the whole administrative litigation and its realization,and the 2014 revision of the administrative litigation law highlighted the significance of the plaintiff's claim,which has changed the basic structure of administrative litigation to a large extent.From a functional point of view,administrative litigation in China mainly belongs to subjective litigation,and the purpose of private prosecution is to seek remedies for their own legitimate rights and interests.The court in administrative litigation is the administrative dispute adjudicator,realizing the plaintiff's right of action through the litigation system,and the court cannot be separated from the litigation system and become a supervisor of the administration.There is no trial without a claim is the basic requirement of the litigation system.Judicial review according to the plaintiff's claim and its cause of action is also the original request of the litigation system.The review of the claim can still review the legality of the administrative act,but only the review of the legality of the administrative act is not enough to respond to the plaintiff's claim of the type of payment litigation effectively.The court shall respond to the plaintiff's claim for judgment;if the existing legal provisions cannot respond to the plaintiff's claim for judgment,the court can also make the extrajudicial judgment.Adhering to the consistency of administrative litigation helps to enhance the dialogue and effectiveness of litigation,and is more in line with the inherent structure of the current administrative litigation.

王贵松

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中国人民大学法学院

诉讼请求 主观诉讼 合法性审查 全面审查 判决类型

2024

中国法学
中国法学会

中国法学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:6.241
ISSN:1003-1707
年,卷(期):2024.(2)
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