China's modernization process unfolds within the dual social transformation of industrialization and post-industrialization.Despite significant achievements in various fields such as economy,politics,culture,and society in this historical process,traditional environmental issues coexist with modern environmental risks,posing challenges to environmental law at this historical stage.Fundamentally,the challenges facing Chinese environmental law stem from the specificity of historical orientation,the complexity of iterative forms,and the diversity of real interests.The solution lies in applying the theory of'differentiated integration'extracted from Chinese traditional philosophy,methodology of comparative law,and basic principles of international law to the coordination of legislation and allocation of powers and finances between the central and local governments,and decentralization of environmental policies.In other words,Chinese environmental law in the context of dual social transformation should adhere to the basic principle of'differentiated integration'for systematic construction.At the front end,we should coordinate institutional relations between the central and local governments regarding the authority and scope of environmental legislation.In the middle,we should bridge the gaps in the environmental regulatory system through temporal and spatial dimensions.At the back end,we should provide institutional guarantees by optimizing the ecological protection compensation mechanism and improving the dispute resolution coordination mechanism.