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我国轻罪案件的程序实践检讨

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"程序出罪"是一个中国化的概念,当前对这一概念的解读存在一些认识误区.所谓"程序出罪"实为实体出罪,实践中其影响在于为检察裁量权的扩展提供了更大的实施空间,而我国目前基于重罪体系的刑事诉讼结构难以适应轻罪案件中检察裁量权的不断扩张.以认罪认罚从宽制度改革为典型例证的"检察官裁判"使检察裁量权进一步宽松化,由此产生了向侦查阶段的传导效应.要谨慎防范检察裁量权扩大所产生的风险,以及裁量权向侦查阶段过度转移而导致的检察失权问题.在轻罪案件办理中,可以引入"家庭模式",构建"诉前考察+审前转处"机制,注重对轻罪被追诉人的规训;完善撤案监督制度,强化检察官在审前证据把关的主导功能;依托"一站式"执法办案管理中心打造轻罪案件公检法协同办案平台,在以证据为中心的刑事指控体系下为轻罪案件打造全流程简化程序.
'Procedural decriminalization'is a Chinese concept,and there are some misunderstandings in the current interpretation of this concept.The so-called'procedural decriminalization'is actually a substantive decriminalization,and its impact in practice lies in the fact that this statement provides a greater implementation space for the expansion of procuratorial discretion.However,the criminal procedure structure under the felony system is difficult to adapt to the continuous expansion of procuratorial discretion in misdemeanor cases.The'prosecutor's judgment',with the reform of leniency system as a typical example,has further relaxed the procuratorial discretion,resulting in a transmission effect to the investigation stage.It is necessary to be cautious to prevent the risks arising from the expansion of procuratorial discretion and the problem caused by the excessive transfer of discretion to the investigation stage.In the handling of misdemeanor cases,the'family mode'can be introduced,and the mechanism of'pre-trial investigation+pre-trial transfer'can be established,to focus on the discipline of the defendants of misdemeanor cases.The supervision system of case withdrawal shall be improved,and the leading role of prosecutors shall be strengthened in the pre-trial evidence review.A collaborative platform for handling misdemeanor cases can be built between the public security,procuratorial and judicial organs relying on the'one-stop'law enforcement and case management center,and the entire process of handling misdemeanor cases shall be simplified under the criminal charge system centered on evidence.

张栋

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华东政法大学刑事法学院

轻罪案件 程序出罪 以证据为中心的刑事指控体系 检察官裁判

2024

中国法学
中国法学会

中国法学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:6.241
ISSN:1003-1707
年,卷(期):2024.(6)