Forensic challenges in the CT-based identification of orbital fractures and enophthalmos
Objective This study investigates the application of CT examination in identifying orbital wall fractures,measuring enophthalmos,and addressing related forensic issues,with a focus on the presenting statistical results.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 146 clinical forensic cases of orbital wall fractures.11 cases of enophthalmos were selected for comparison between two measurement methods.Results The most common causes of orbital wall fractures were unarmed injuries and traffic accidents.Compound fractures of the inner and lower walls were the most common,with a high incidence of enophthalmos.The degree of exophthalmos measured by Hertel exophthalmometer and CT showed good consistency in 11 cases.Conclusion High resolution CT examination and 3D reconstruction techniques that present subtle injuries have important value in identifying the abnormal position of the eyeball caused by orbital wall fractures.Entrapment of the eyeball is most likely to occur in the combined fracture of the lower orbital wall,and its degree of retraction can be measured using Hertel exophthalmometer and CT methods and has good consistency.Further research is needed on the time of enophthalmos identification and the identification of bilateral inner wall fractures.