Gender Disparities in the Clinical Characteristics of Takayasu Arteritis
Objective To explore gender-related differences in the clinical characteristics of patients with Takayasu arteritis(TA),and provide insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods This study was conducted retrospectively.Patients hospitalized and diagnosed with TA in Fuwai Hospital from January 2012 to December 2022 were consecutively enrolled.Clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical records system,and clinical features were stratified by gender.Results A total of 464 patients,84(18.10％)males and 380(81.90％)females,were included in this study.In comparison to females,males more frequently exhibited elevated blood pressure as the primary clinical manifestation(75.0％vs 52.9％,P＜0.001).The incidence of common carotid artery involvement(27.4％vs 50.3％,P＜0.001),subclavian artery involvement(40.5％vs 62.1％,P＜0.001),and vertebral artery involvement(9.5％vs 18.7％,P=0.043)were significantly lower in males,while renal artery involvement was higher(60.7％vs46.1％,P=0.015).Numano type Ⅰ was more prevalent in females(P=0.004),whereas Numano type Ⅳ was more common in males(P＜0.001).Hemoglobin concentration and blood creatinine levels were lower in females than in males(both P＜0.001),whereas erythrocyte sedimentation rate was higher in females(P＜0.001).The left atrial diameter[(35.1±6.0)mm vs(33.2±5.9)mm,P=0.011],left ventricular end-diastolic diameter[(49.1±9.1)mm vs(46.6±7.1)mm,P=0.006],and interventricular septum thickness[(10.6±2.3)mm vs(9.6±2.0)mm,P＜0.001]in males were greater than those in females.But left ventricular ejection fraction did not exhibit any gender disparities(P=0.848).Conclusion Male TA patients are more likely to present with elevated blood pressure and exhibit higher renal artery involvement compared to females.However,males tend to have less common carotid artery,subclavian artery and vertebral artery involvement.Although certain cardiac parameters,such as left atrial anteroposterior diameter,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,and interventricular septum thickness are greater in males,the left ventricular ejection fraction remains comparable between the genders.
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