Natriuretic Peptide System in the Therapeutic Applications of Heart Failure
Heart failure(HF)is a complex,multifactorial syndrome resulting from impaired heart and kidney function,which is the leading cause of death in cardiovascular patients.The natriuretic peptide system(NPS)plays an important role in the physiological regulation of heart and kidney,humoral homeostasis,and metabolic regulation,making it one of the numerous research fields in the treatment of HF.The natriuretic peptide(NP)family consists of three biologically active peptides:atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and C-type natriuretic peptide(CNP).There are three natriuretic peptide receptors,including natriuretic peptide receptor-A(NPR-A),natriuretic peptide receptor-B(NPR-B)and natriuretic peptide receptor-C(NPR-C).NPs bind to corresponding receptors and exert physiological effects through increases in intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP),inhibiting cardiac remodeling and fibrosis.This review introduces the structure,distribution and signaling mechanisms of NPS.In addition,the clinical biological drugs targeting NPS in HF therapies were summarized,including endogenous NPs,recombinant NPs and monoclonal antibodies.
Heart failureNatriuretic peptideNatriuretic peptide receptorSignaling pathwayBiological medicine