摘要
目的 探究单亲家庭大学生自杀风险的影响因素.方法 于2023年3-4月采取方便抽样方法,在北京某高校选取1 465名单亲家庭大学生,使用自杀行为问卷修订版、广泛性焦虑量表、患者健康问卷、社区精神病性体验评估问卷、创伤后应激障碍检查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、孤独感量表进行在线问卷调查.结果 单亲家庭大学生自杀风险、焦虑、抑郁、精神病性体验、睡眠质量问题、创伤后应激障碍的阳性检出率分别为13.0％、8.3％、13.4％、11.9％、19.9％、19.7％;多因素 logistic 回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.94,95％CI=1.37～2.75)、独生子女(OR=1.50,95％CI=1.05～2.16)、抑郁(OR=2.20,95％CI=1.45～3.35)、高精神病性体验(OR=2.78,95％CI=1.82～4.23)、睡眠质量问题(OR=1.95,95％CI=1.32～2.89)、较高的孤独感(OR=1.15,95％CI=1.09～1.20)为单亲家庭大学生高自杀危险因素,当前学历为研究生(OR=0.43,95％CI=0.29～0.65)是单亲家庭大学生高自杀风险的保护因素.结论 单亲家庭大学生自杀风险的发生受多种因素影响,在学校心理健康工作中应关注单亲家庭学生的心理健康问题,并针对性地开展干预工作.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of suicide risk among university students from single-parent families.Methods A total of 1 721 individuals from single-parent families(where the parents are single or widowed)were recruited using convenience sampling from 23 163 students at a university in Beijing for an online survey conducted between March and April 2023.The following instruments were used in the study:Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised(SBQ-R),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9),15-item positive subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences(CAPE-P15),Posttraumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)Checklist-Civilian(PCL-C),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and the short form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale(UCL-6).Results Among the 1 465 participants with valid responses,the detection rates for high suicide risk(SBQ-R score ≥ 7),anxiety(GAD-7 score≥10),depression(PHQ-9 score≥10),high psychotic-like experiences(CAPE-P15 score ≥ 23),sleep quality problems,and PTSD(PCL-C score≥38)were 13.0％,8.3％,13.4％,11.9％,19.9％,and 19.7％,respectively.A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that among university students from single-parent households,being female(odds ratio[OR]=1.94,95％confidence interval[CI]:1.37-2.75),being an only child(OR=1.50,95％CI:1.05-2.16),having depression(OR=2.20,95％CI:1.45-3.35),having high levels of psychotic-like experiences(OR=2.78,95％CI:1.82-4.23),experiencing poor sleep quality(OR=1.95,95％CI:1.32-2.89),and feeling more alone(OR=1.15,95％CI:1.09-0.20)were risk factors for high suicide risk.Conversely,being a graduate student(OR=0.43,95％CI:0.29-0.65)served as a protective factor against high suicide risk.Conclusion Many factors influence the likelihood of suicide among university students from single-parent households.Targeted treatment and consideration of the mental health concerns of students from single-parent households should be part of the mental health work in universities.
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