Relationship between dietary patterns and internal exposure levels of cadmium and lead among middle-aged and elderly populations in cadmium-polluted areas:a cross-sectional survey
Objective To explore the relationship between different dietary patterns and internal exposure levels of cadmium and lead among middle-aged and elderly populations in cadmium-polluted areas,and to provide a scientific basis for adopting reasonable dietary patterns to reduce cadmium and lead internal exposure levels in these populations.Methods From July to December 2019,600 middle-aged and elderly individuals who had lived in cadmium-polluted areas in northern Guangdong province for ≥ 20 years were randomly recruited to participate in questionnaire surveys,physical examinations,and measurements of urinary cadmium(UCd),blood cadmium(BCd),and blood lead(BPb).Factor analysis was used to determine the dietary patterns of the middle-aged and elderly populations,and a multifactor generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and natural log-transformed heavy metal(LnUCd,LnBCd,LnBPb)levels.Results A total of 414 middle-aged and elderly individuals from cadmium-polluted areas in northern Guangdong province were finally included in the analysis.Four dietary patterns were obtained through factor analysis:fruits and vegetables,high-quality protein,protein beverages,and flour,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 50.618％.The M(P25,P75)of UCd,BCd,and BPb levels in the middle-aged and elderly populations were 7.32(4.12,14.85)μg/g Ucr,6.42(3.40,11.55)μg/L,and 55.93(38.76,79.12)μg/L,respectively.After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender,age,occupation,region,smoking status,medication history,and body mass index,the results of the multifactor generalized linear model analysis showed that the LnBPb levels of middle-aged and elderly individuals with fruit and vegetable dietary pattern factor scores at the T2 level(β=-0.121,95％CI:-0.225--0.017)and T3 level(β=-0.108,95％CI:-0.213--0.003)were lower than those with factor scores at the T1 level.The LnUCd level(β=-0.224,95％CI:-0.436--0.013)and LnBCd level(β=-0.245,95％CI:-0.434--0.057)of middle-aged and elderly individuals with high-quality protein dietary pattern factor scores at the T3 level were lower than those with factor scores at the T1 level.Conclusion A preference for fruit and vegetable dietary patterns was associated with lower blood lead levels,while a preference for high-quality protein dietary patterns was associated with lower urinary cadmium and blood cadmium levels among middle-aged and elderly populations in cadmium-polluted areas.
cadmiumleadinternal exposure levelsdietary patternsrelationshipmiddle-aged and elderly populationscadmium-polluted areas
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