摘要
目的 探究肺结核发生的危险因素,明确疾病预防控制系统在应对该疾病时的应急装备需求及模块化策略.方法 采用便利抽样的方法选取浙江省平阳县100例肺结核患者及100名健康体检者为研究对象,分析影响肺结核发生的危险因素,并对本地区医务人员应急采样等模块化装备的需求必要性进行问卷调查.结果 吸烟史(OR=2.291,P=0.001)、肺结核患者接触史(OR=2.212,P＜0.001)、合并矽肺(OR=1.701,P=0.003)是平阳县肺结核发生的危险因素;接种卡介苗为保护因素(OR=0.526,P=0.003).医务人员认为结核杆菌病原抗体检测试剂等采样装备(x2=42.761,P＜0.001),移动电话、录音笔、数码相机(x2=68.421、36.235、53.887,P＜0.001)等流调装备,口罩(x2=15.706,P＜0.001)等防护模块化装备配备的必要性较高.结论 吸烟史、肺结核患者接触史、合并矽肺是该地区肺结核发生的主要危险因素,接种卡介苗为保护因素.建议加强对高危人群的筛查和预防接种,并提高疾病预防控制系统在采样、流调、消毒和防护等方面的应急装备配备水平.
Abstract
Objective To explore the risk factors for tuberculosis(TB)in Pingyang County and to identify the emergency equipment needs and modular strategies for the disease control system.Methods A total of 100 TB patients and 100 healthy subjects in Pingyang County were included as research subjects.The risk factors affecting the occurrence of TB were analyzed,and a questionnaire survey on the demand for modular emergency equipment among local medical staff was conducted.Results Smoking history(OR=2.291,P=0.001),contact history with TB patients(OR=2.212,P＜0.001),and silicosis(OR=1.701,P=0.003)were identified as risk factors for TB in this area,while BCG vaccination was a protective factor(OR=0.526,P=0.003).Medical staff considered the necessity of equipping sampling devices such as TB pathogen antibody test kits(x2=42.761,P＜0.001),mobile phones(x2=68.421,P＜0.001),voice recorders(x2=36.235,P＜0.001),and digital cameras(x2=53.887,P＜0.001)for field investigation,and masks(x2=15.706,P＜0.001)for protective equipment.Conclusion Smoking history,contact history with TB patients,and silicosis are the main risk factors for TB in this area,while BCG vaccination is a protective factor.It is recommended to strengthen screening and vaccination of high-risk populations,and improve the emergency equipment level of disease control systems in sampling,field investigation,disinfection,and protection.
维普
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