摘要
目的 调查分析云南省流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)分子流行病学、实验室及影像学特征,为早期诊断及防控提供指导.方法 汇总整理2016-2022年云南省乙脑监测管理系统信息和个案调查资料,获取所有病例年龄、性别、地区、季节、实验室及影像学检查结果,采用描述性流行病学方法展开统计分析.结果 2016-2022年云南省乙脑共发生461例,年均发病率0.14/10万,其中2016年发病率最高,为0.23/10万,整体呈下降趋势.461例乙脑病例中男女比例为1.45∶1;0～＜10岁占比最高,达29.29％;云南省10个地级市均出现乙脑,位居前3位分别为昆明市26.89％(124/461)、普洱市12.58％(58/461)、红河州12.15％(56/461),且4个季节均有发生,主要集中于秋季83.73％(386/461).461例乙脑病例脑脊液、血清IgM阳性占比分别为82.21％(379/461)、67.03％(309/461),有444例接受腰椎穿刺检查,92.12％(409/444)脑脊液蛋白＞0.45 g/L.脑电图、MRI检查及头颅CT检查的阳性检出率分别为97.83％(451/461)、95.87％(302/315)、52.89％(174/329).结论 2016-2022年云南省乙脑发生率整体呈降低趋势,且高发于秋季,年龄越低感染风险越高,患病者多表现出脑脊液蛋白升高、脑电图异常,建议疫情防控部门以秋季防控为主,延长防控时段.
Abstract
Objective To investigate and analyze the molecular epidemiology characteristics,laboratory and imaging findings of Japanese encephalitis(JE)in Yunnan Province,so as to provide guidance for early diagnosis and prevention and control.Methods The information and case investigation data of Japanese encephalitis surveillance and man-agement system in Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2022 were summarized,the age,gender,region,season,laboratory and imaging examination results of all the cases were obtained,descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 461 cases of JE reported in Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2022,with an average annual incidence of 0.14/100,000.The highest incidence was 0.23/100,000 in 2016.The annual incidence rate of JE from 2021 to 2022 showed a downward trend.The male/female ratio of 461 cases of JE was 1.45∶1.The cas-es 0-＜10 years old accounted for 29.29％.JE cases were reported in 10 prefecture-level cities in Yunnan Province,the top three were Kunming[26.89％(124/461)],Pu'er[12.58％(58/461)]and Honghe[12.15％(56/461)].It occurred in four seasons,mainly in autumn[83.73％(386/461)].Among 461 cases of JE,82.21％(379/461)and 67.03％(309/461)were positive for cerebrospinal fluid and serum IgM,respectively.444 patients received lumbar puncture examination,and CSF protein beyond 0.45 g/L in 92.12％(409/406)cases.The positive detection rates of electroencephalography,MRI and head CT were 97.83％(451/461),95.87％(302/315)and 52.89％(174/329),respectively.Conclusion From 2016 to 2022,the incidence of JE in Yunnan Province showed an overall decreasing trend,and the disease occurred frequently in autumn.The younger the age,the higher the risk of infection,the more patients showed elevated cere-brospinal fluid protein and abnormal electroencephalogram.It is suggested that the epidemic prevention and control departments should focus on autumn prevention and control,extend the prevention and control period.
基金项目
云南省科技厅科技计划项目(202102AA100061)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据