首页|污水处理系统中硝化菌的菌群结构和动态变化

污水处理系统中硝化菌的菌群结构和动态变化

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研究分析了4种不同工艺类型的城市污水处理厂中氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB)的丰度及菌群结构.实时定量PCR结果表明4种工艺中AOB菌群的丰度范围为8.56×106~4.46×107cells/gMLSS；NOB菌群的丰度为3.37×108~1.53×109cells/gMLSS.每个工艺中Nitrospira都是优势NOB,占NOB菌群的88%以上. A2O工艺冬季AOB和Nitrospira丰度比夏季均有所降低,这是导致冬季生物脱氮效果变差的主要原因.基于amoA基因的系统发育分析结果显示所有的序列属于Nitrosomonas,其中Nitrosomonas oligotropha cluster占克隆文库的60.1%,是AOB种群中的优势菌属,Nitrosomonas-like cluster和Nitrosomonas europaea cluster次之,分别占克隆文库的29.6%和9.1%.N. europaea cluster只在A2O工艺中出现,且在A2O工艺夏季污泥样品克隆文库中达到44.7%.低DO运行使N. europaeacluster成为优势 AOB 是 A2O 工艺夏季出现较高亚硝酸盐积累率的主要原因.研究结果证实了城市污水处理厂中优势 AOB 和 NOB 分别为Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira,硝化菌群占总菌群的1%~7%,其丰度、相对含量和菌群结构是影响硝化效果的主要因素.
Community structures and population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria in activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants
Community structures and population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria determine biological nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. The population structures and dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in four full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated in this study. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the abundance of AOB was in a range of 8.56×106~4.46×107cells/gMLSS, while NOB was varying in 3.37×108~1.53×109cells/gMLSS. In each processNitrospira was the dominant species of NOB. Nitrospiraabundance was obviously higher thanNitrobacter, accounting for 88% of total NOB. In the A2O process the abundances of AOB andNitrospira in winter were less than those in summer, leading to decline of biological nitrogen removal. The phylogenetic analysis of AOBamoA genes indicated that all the sequences were affiliated withgenera Nitrosomonas, among whichNitrosomonas oligotropha cluster was the dominant species, accounting for 60% of the clone libraries. The pre-dominant AOB wereNitrosomonas-likecluster andNitrosomonas europaea cluster, accounting for 29.6% and 9.1% of the clone libraries, respectively. N. europaea cluster was only found in A2O process, and reached 44.7% of total AOB in summer sample, which was a main reason causing high nitrite accumulation during summer operation of A2O process. The outcomes verified that the dominant AOB and NOB in WWTPs wasNitrosomonas and Nitrospira, respectively. Nitrifying bacteria accounted for 1%~7% of total bacteria. The abundances, relative distributions and community structures of nitrifying bacteria significantly influence the performance of biological nitrogen removal.

ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB)nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB)wastewater treatment systems (WWTPs)real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR)amoA genes

曾薇、张丽敏、王安其、张洁、彭永臻、段俊岭

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北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院，北京 100124

北京城市排水集团有限责任公司，北京 100044

氨氧化细菌(AOB) 亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(NOB) 城市污水处理厂(WWTPs) 实时定量PCR (QPCR) amoA基因

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目

5127800751578016NCET-11-0891

2015

中国环境科学
中国环境科学学会

中国环境科学

CSTPCDCSCDCHSSCD北大核心EI
影响因子：2.174
ISSN：1000-6923
年,卷(期)：2015.(11)
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