Research advances on the disintegration mechanisms and remediation strategies of aerobic granular sludge
Aerobic granular sludge(AGS)technology,which is expected to replace conventional activated sludge process,has been promised as the next generation technology of biological wastewater treatment.However,it has a key bottleneck problem that aerobic granules are easy to disintegrate,and then cause system instability under the long-term operation,so it is difficult to be applied in large-scale engineering.Through literature analysis and organization,a variety of adverse factors causing granules disintegration,their hazard threshold and reaction mechanisms were systematically summarized.Moreover,current recovery strategies for disintegrated granules,their effectiveness and re-granulation mechanisms were reviewed.Based on limitations of current research,this work proposed the future research directions,aim at realizing the dynamically stable operation of the AGS systems through the circle of disintegration to re-granulation.Finally,it is expected to promote the low-carbon transformation of the wastewater treatment plants by practically adopting AGS technology.