Progresses on characteristics and reduction technologies of drugs and related drug-resistant contamination in urine
The source-separation aims to separate and utilize urine from domestic wastewater,and therefore to promote a sustainable circle between"human-soil-plant-human".However,pharmaceuticals,antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes in urine will be acculumated along with the circulation,and finally retrun back to human body,leading to potential health risks.This paper summarized pharmaceuticals and antimicrobial resistance contamination in source-separated urine,and it was found that 34 drugs have been detected in urine,with an average concentration ranging from 0.07 to 2.7×103μg/L and the detection frequencies ranging from 0.7％to 100％.Meanwhile,12 antibiotic-resistant genes were also detected in urine.Natural storage,adsorption,membrane separation,electrochemical,and biological methods were the main techniques for such pollutant emlimation.Among them,the electrochemical process was the most effective approach for reducing antibiotic-resistant genes in urine,enabling the removal of up to 4.18 log,taking blaKPC as an example.However,it is indeed to enhance the service life of electrodes and reduce energy consumption when they are used for field application,and creating reasonable electrode materials may be a challenge.Furthermore,most of the treatment processes were at a laboratory scale,and future research should be focused on optimization of exiting technologirs or developing integrated technologies for antimicrobial resistance control.
万方数据
维普
