The H-ABGS system was proposed by introducing heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification(HN-AD)bacteria into the traditional algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge(ABGS)system.The effects of carbon to nitrogen(C/N)ratios(C/N=1,2,4,6,8,10)on the pollutant removal performance and microbial characteristics of the H-ABGS system for synthetic rural wastewater treatment were investigated.The results showed that the total nitrogen(TN)removal rate of the H-ABGS system was higher than that of the ABGS system(12.05%)and AGS system(44.86%)at a C/N ratio of 4.The microbial community analysis showed that Thauera bacteria and norank_f__A4b bacteria,which were adapted to the low carbon environment,might be the key to ensuring the high nitrogen removal performance of the H-ABGS system under low carbon condition.The symbiosis pattern and correlation analysis of microbial communities showed that the inoculation of HN-AD bacteria could help to minimize the ecological niche and form a stable symbiotic system with algae,thus ensuring the stability of the system.In addition,the high expression of nitrate reductase at a C/N ratio of 4might help to ensure the excellent nitrogen removal performance of the H-ABGS system.
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