Research progress and prospect of amide in atmosphere
In the present study,we reviewed the relevant researches on amide over the past few decades.The basic properties,observation and analysis techniques,concentration levels and distribution characteristics,sources and sinks,environmental and health effects of amides have been systematically summarized and discussed.Field observation result indicates that atmospheric amide is predominantly distributed in urban areas.The sources of gaseous amides include not only primary emissions from natural sources and secondary transformations,but also primary emissions from sewage and waste treatment,vehicle exhaust,industrial processes,biomass combustion in catering industries and tobacco smoke.Additionally,gaseous amides can be formed through secondary transformations in artificial processes such as carbon capture and agriculture.The chemical reaction mechanism of secondary transformations primarily involves the oxidation of amines and the reactions of RO2 with NO3 radicals.Atmospheric amides undergo efficient degradation by OH radical during daylight,by NO3 radical during nighttime,and by Cl radical in coastal or industrial regions with high Cl radical concentrations.The detailed degradation mechanism involves the H-atom abstraction by free radicals OH,NO3 and Cl from amide.Moreover,amides have the ability to participate in the new particle formation(NPF)to further affect the formation of secondary organic aerosols(SOA),atmospheric environment and human health.Based on the existing research of amides in the atmosphere,we put forward to improve the detection and analysis methods under the background of air pollution complex,to explore the mechanisms of sources and sinks reactions mechanism,to discover the environmental and health effect in the further researches.
aerosolamideatmospheric chemistrysource and sinkenvironment and health effects
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