Fabrication of Bi-SnO2 electro-catalytic membrane for enhanced removal of carbamazepine in drinking water
This study aimed to develop an electro-catalytic membrane for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs)from drinking water.The membrane was fabricated by depositing nanoscale Bi-SnO2 onto carbon membrane(CM)in household water purifiers.To characterized the membranes,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD)techniques were employed.The electrochemical performance of the membranes,including oxygen evolution potential,specific capacitance,and impedance,was evaluated using Tafel analysis,cyclic voltammetry(CV),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).Carbamazepine(CBZ)was chosen as a representative PPCP to assess the electro-catalytic performance of the membranes.The results showed that the particle size of Bi-SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by electrodeposition-hydrothermal method is about 27.2nm,which could be well loaded on the surface of activated carbon filter element,and the electrocatalytic membrane with excellent electrochemical performance was prepared.compared with the base membrane,the Tafel slope increases from 31.09mV/dec to 80.22mV/dec,the electrochemical impedance decreased from 1.03 Ω cm2 to 0.37 Ω cm2,and the specific capacitance increased from 0.689F/g to 2.635F/g.Finally,the degradation effect of carbamazepine was verified by experiments.In the static cycle experiment,the removal rate of CBZ by Bi-SnO2/CM reached 97.3％,the mineralization rate was 59.2％after 1 h,the energy consumption was 123.87kW·h/kgTOC,and ΔTMP was 0.177kPa.In continuous operation,the removal rate of CBZ by Bi-SnO2/CM was 93.7％.The mineralization rate was 35.2％,the energy consumption is 208.33kW·h/kgTOC,and theΔTMP was 0.613kPa after 1 h.The results showed that the Bi-SnO2/CM electrocatalytic membrane exhibited good electrical conductivity,electrocatalytic activity and stability,and has a good effect on the removal of CBZ.
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