Distribution characteristics and ecological risk evaluation of typical antibiotics in surface water of Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin
The concentration of 83 typical antibiotics in surface water of the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin were determined by solid-phase extraction and Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)for the first time,including β-lactams(β-Ls),quinolones(QNs),sulfonamides(SAs),macrolides(MLs),tetracyclines(TCs),and broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs(WAs).The regional distribution characteristics of typical antibiotics in the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River were preliminarily investigated.The potential risks of antibiotic occurrence were evaluated using the risk entropy method.The results indicated that 46types of antibiotics were detected in the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin.The overall average concentrations of antibiotics in surface water during the dry season,normal water level period,and flood season were 27.8,24.8,and 23.8ng/L,respectively.The antibiotic concentration during the dry season was slightly higher than that during the normal water level period and flood season,and the total detected antibiotic concentrations exhibited a trend of upstream＞midstream＞downstream.Among them,lincomycin(LCM)was detected at a high rate of 98.2％,with the highest detected concentration of22.7ng/L and the mean and median concentrations of 8.04ng/L and 8.14ng/L,respectively,making it a characteristic antibiotic in regional surface water.Sulfamethoxazole(SMX),Sulfachloropyridazine(SCP),Climbazole(CB),Trimethoprim(TMP),Fluconazole(FCZ),Sulfonamide(SM),Clarithromycin(CLT)were the second most frequently detected antibiotics,with the average concentrations of 3.60,2.56,1.07,0.97,1.09,1.08,0.70ng/L,respectively.The results of principal component analysis showed that the concentration changes of LCM,SMX,SM and SCP were significantly different compared with other antibiotics.Ecological risk assessment results indicated that the single ecological risk quotient(RQ)of all detected antibiotics in the Hangzhou section of the Qiantang River basin was less than 1.0,suggesting the absence of high ecological risk antibiotics.
万方数据
维普
