Research progress on the regulation of estrogen degradation in aerobic composting of livestock and poultry manure
Recent achievements related to livestock and poultry manure and its composting were collected and analyzed.The physicochemical properties of estrogens and their presence in livestock and poultry manure were summarized.The effects and mechanisms of composting process parameters,different additives,and co-existing pollutants on the degradation of estrogens during the composting of livestock and poultry manure were elucidated.The estrogens posing significant threats in livestock and poultry manure are mainly estriol,estradiol,and estrone.Maintaining a high-temperature duration of no less than 8d during the composting process is more conducive to estrogen degradation.Among additives,inoculating microbial agents owns the best results for estrogen degradation.Coexisting pollutants such as heavy metals,microplastics,and antibiotics generally inhibit estrogen degradation.Nonetheless,further research on estrogen degradation in livestock and poultry manure composting is necessary.Based on existing studies,the future perspective is proposed.
livestock and poultry manureestrogencompostinginfluence factoradditiveco-existing pollutants
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