Compared with the side-stream phosphorus recovery process based on enhanced biological phosphorus removal,biofilm phosphorus enrichment-recovery process has great application potential in the field of wastewater resource recovery due to the advantages of high phosphorus enrichment effect and phosphorus recovery rate.Enrichment and cultivation of biofilm predominated by phosphate-accumulating bacteria is the key to the operation of the process.However,the culture of phosphate-accumulating biofilms is affected by multiple factors,resulting in slow biofilm formation.Therefore,in order to realize the rapid cultivation of phosphate-accumulating biofilm,the operation control conditions,environmental influencing factors and formation mechanism of phosphate-accumulating biofilm was summarized in this paper.It was found that the aerobic aeration volume,sludge discharge time,as well as the type and concentration of carbon source are the key control conditions for the cultivation of phosphate-accumulating biofilm.The research direction for further achieving the rapid culture of phosphate-accumulating biofilm was prospected,with the expectation of providing a theoretical basis for the rapid start-up of phosphate-accumulating biofilm reactor.