Abstract
Nanoemulsions are widely used as advanced pharmaceutical delivery systems in biomedical field,due to their high encapsulation efficiency and good therapy efficacy.Nanoemulsification techniques that pro-duce nanoemulsions with controllable sizes and compositions are promising for creating advanced na-noemulsion systems for pharmaceutical delivery.This review summarizes recent advances on low-energy emulsification techniques for producing nanoemulsions,and the use of these nanoemulsions as advanced pharmaceutical delivery systems and as templates to create drug-loaded functional particles for biomed-ical application.First,nanoemulsification techniques that utilize elaborate interfacial physics/chemistry and micro-/nano-fluidics,featured with relatively-low energy input,to produce nanoemulsions with con-trollable sizes and compositions,are introduced.Uses of these nanoemulsions to create nanoemulsion-incorporated milli-particles,drug-loaded nanoparticles and nanoparticle-incorporated microparticles with sizes ranging from several millimeters to sub-10nm are emphasized.Flexible and efficient use of the nanoemulsions,functional nanoparticles and milli-/micro-particles integrated with nanoemulsions or nanoparticles for advanced pharmaceutical delivery in biomedical field are highlighted,with focus on how the interplay between their sizes and compositions achieve desired pharmaceutical-delivery perfor-mances.Finally,perspectives on further advances on the controllable production of nanoemulsions are provided.
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