首页|Defect engineered electrocatalysts for C-N coupling reactions toward urea synthesis
Defect engineered electrocatalysts for C-N coupling reactions toward urea synthesis
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Urea is extensively used in agriculture and chemical industry,and it is produced on an industrial scale from CO2 and Haber-Bosch NH3 under relatively high temperature and high pressure conditions,which demands high energy input and generates masses of carbon footprint.The conversion of CO2 and N sources(such as NO2-,NO3-,and N2)through electrocatalytic reactions under ambient conditions is a promising alternative to realize efficient urea synthesis.Of note,the design of electrocatalyst is one of the key factors that can improve the efficiency and selectivity of C-N coupling reactions.Defect engineer-ing is an intriguing strategy for regulating the electronic structure and charge density of electrocatalysts,which endows electrocatalysts with excellent physicochemical properties and optimized adsorption en-ergy of the reaction intermediates to reduce the kinetic barriers.In this minireview,recent advances of defect engineered electrocatalysts in urea electrosynthesis from CO2 and various N reactants are firstly introduced.Mechanistic discussions of C-N coupling in these advances are presented,with the aim of directing future investigations on improving the urea yield.Finally,the prospects and challenges of de-fect engineered electrocatalysts for urea synthesis are discussed.This overview is expected to provide in-depth understanding of structure-reactivity relationship and shed light on future electrocatalytic C-N coupling reactions.
Shengkai Li、Yuqin Zou、Chen Chen、Shuangyin Wang、Zhao-Qing Liu
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Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials/Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta,Ministry of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China
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