Objective To investigate the association between fasting blood glucose(FBG)variability and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods Ninety patients with gestational diabetes mellitus admitted to Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2022 and April 2023 were included in this study.Based on the blood glucose results obtained from the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test,these patients were divided into two groups:the normal blood glucose group(Group A,n=56)and the elevated blood glucose group(Group B,n=34).Multivariate logistic binary regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus.Additionally,an analysis was conducted to investigate the association between long-term fasting blood glucose standard deviation(SDFBG),coefficient of variation(CVFBG),average successive variability of fasting blood glucose(ASVFBG),and the severity of gestational diabetes mellitus.Results The FBG levels[(6.83±1.03)mmol/L vs.(4.62±0.58)mmol/L],1-hour postprandial blood glucose[(13.03±1.39)mmol/L vs.(11.42±1.04)mmol/L],and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose[(10.23±1.51)mmol/L vs.(9.42±0.74)mmol/L]between the two groups(F=887.43,144.76,10.39,all P＜0.05).Furthermore,the glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly elevated in Group B[(7.19±1.01)mmol/L]compared with Group A[(5.03±0.42)mmol/L,t=14.15,P＜0.05).When compared with Group A,patients in Group B exhibited significantly higher values for ASVFBG[(0.58±0.23)mmol/L vs.(0.36±0.26)mmol/L],SDFBG[(0.55±0.38)mmol/L vs.(0.41±0.21)mmol/L],and CVFBG[(9.43±2.45)mmol/L vs.(6.94± 1.31)mmol/L](t=4.06,2.25,6.28,all P＜0.05).Additionally,the age and pre-pregnancy body mass index were significantly higher in Group B compared with Group A(t=3.82,7.53,both P＜0.05).Age,pre-pregnancy body mass index,fasting blood glucose,1-hour postprandial blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,ASVFBG SDFBG,and CVFBG were identified as risk factors for severe gestational diabetes mellitus(OR=1.230,1.887,301.406,3.957,1.947,41.861,5.421,2.057,all P＜0.05).Furthermore,SDFBG,ASVFBG,and CVFBG were positively correlated with the severity of gestational diabetes mellitus(r=0.234,0.555,0.408,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Fasting blood glucose variability is positively correlated with the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.Age,pre-pregnancy body mass index,fasting blood glucose,1-hour postprandial blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,ASVFBG,SDFBG,and CVFBG are also risk factors affecting the severity of gestational diabetes mellitus.
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