Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Shumian capsules combined with eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia in patients and its effect on serum levels of neuropeptide Y,5-hydroxytryptamine,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.Methods A total of 72 older adult patients with insomnia who received treatment at the Second People's Hospital of Lishui from January 2021 to March 2023 were included in this randomized controlled trial.These patients were divided into a control group and an observation group(n=36 per group)using the random digital table method.The control group was treated with eszopiclone,while the observation group was treated with Shumian capsules and eszopiclone.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.Clinical efficacy and serum levels of neuropeptide Y,5-hydroxytryptamine,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were compared between the two groups.Results The total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group[91.67％(33/36)vs.69.44％(25/36),x2=5.67,P＜0.05).After treatment,the time to improve in early awakening and the time to recover from insomnia in the observation group were(8.43±2.13)days and(9.19±0.97)days,respectively,which were significantly shorter than those in the control group[(10.98±2.26)days,(11.86±1.73)days,t=4.93,8.08,both P＜0.05].The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score in the observation group was(7.36±2.43)points,which was significantly lower than that in the control group[(10.21±2.17)points,t=5.25,P＜0.05].The time to improvement in early awakening in the observation group was(87.42±15.56)minutes,which was significantly shorter than that in the control group[(104.32±17.37)minutes,t=4.35,P＜0.001].Sleep efficiency and slow-wave sleep duration in the observation group were(76.76±3.41)％and(28.98±2.27)minutes,respectively,which were significantly greater and longer than those in the control group[(72.13±3.26)％,(26.56±2.74)minutes,t=-5.89,-4.08,both P＜0.001].The serum levels of neuropeptide Y,5-hydroxytryptamine,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the observation group were(9.29±1.52)mg/L,(127.37±18.82)μg/L,and(34.51±4.08)μg/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group[(7.21±1.43)mg/L,(98.28±15.54)μg/L,(28.84±3.42)μg/L,t=-5.98,-7.15,-6.39,all P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Shumian capsule combined with eszopiclone is highly effective against insomnia in older adults.The combined therapy can increase serum levels of neuropeptide Y,5-hydroxytryptamine,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
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