Objective To analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants and children aged 0-3 years.Methods A case-control study was conducted to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 90 infants and young children diagnosed with allergic diseases(observation group)admitted to Jinhua Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital from January 2019 to June 2023 and 80 healthy infants and young children undergoing routine health check-ups during the same period(control group).The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants and young children aged 0 to 3 years.Results In the observation group,the proportions of infants with a family history of allergic diseases,exposure to smoking environments,maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy,maternal consumption of docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy,and antibiotic use in infants were 77.8％(70/90),55.6％(50/90),66.7％(60/90),61.1％(55/90),and 55.6％(50/90),respectively.All of these were significantly higher than those in the control group[31.3％(25/80),25.0％(20/80),25.0％(20/80),25.0％(20/80),25.0％(20/80),x2=37.19,16.33,29.51,22.40,16.33,all P＜0.05].The proportion of breastfeeding in the observation group was 44.4％(40/90),which was significantly lower than that in the control group[75.0％(60/80),x2=16.33,P＜0.05].Multivariate logistic regression analysis results revealed that family history of allergic diseases,non-breastfeeding,exposure to smoking environments,maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy,maternal consumption of docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy,and antibiotic use in infants were risk factors for the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants and young children aged 0 to 3 years(OR=3.511,3.688,3.377,3.728,3.912,4.023,all P＜0.05).Conclusion A family history of allergic diseases,non-breastfeeding,exposure to smoking environments,maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy,maternal consumption of docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy,and antibiotic use in infants are risk factors for the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants and young children aged 0 to 3 years.Clinically,these factors can be used to assess the likelihood of allergic diseases in infants.
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