The concept of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has been proposed for more than 50 years,and significant progress has been made in experimental and clinical research.However,the mortality rate has not significantly improved."Lung protection"strategy has become the cornerstone of ARDS treatment.Low tidal volume ventilation,application of neuromuscular blockers,prone position implementation,and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology constitute its core connotation,which is a milestone.With the deepening understanding of the pathophysiology of ARDS,lung-diaphragm protective ventilation is increasingly attracting attention.The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 has given us a new understanding of these classic treatments.