Study on the System of Ministry-Authorized Grammars in Qing Dynasty
In the Qing Dynasty,grammars across the country were regulated according to the original standard grammar(Zufa)certificated by the Ministry of Revenue.Certificated copies of the standard set of grammars were distributed to provincial governments for managing the process of taxation and transportation of supplies to other places.As the weight loss of standard grammars was inevitable,governments of the provinces thus often chose to cast sets of grammars without authorization for convenience since the middle period of Qing Dynasty.Lack of means to measure the quality of objects and renewal of authorized grammars failed to be in time led the system of ministry-authorized grammars to a mere formality in the end.
Ministry-Authorized GrammarsChief and Vice GrammarsSystem of Weight Measurement in Qing Dynasty
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