Frontier Policy,Market and Salt Policy:A Comparative Study of the Internal Transport of Salt in Alax and Ordos in the Pre-Qing Period
In the early Qing,the dynamics of frontier politics,markets,and salt administration were intricately intertwone.Although both Ordos and Alax belonged to the Mongolian tribes,their distinct border situations led to varied influences on the interior salt market and salt administration.The Qing court implemented different policies for managing the internal transport of salt in response to these dynamics.The Qing court permitted the salt produced by Ordos to circulate in the interior as early as the Shunzhi period.And during the Kangxi period,it allowed the expansion of the Ordos salt market in the interior,regardless of the salt administration in the interior.In contrast,due to the unstable conditions in the northwestern Mongolian region,the Qing court only permitted Alxa salt to enter the interior after pacifying Junggar.As the situation on the northern frontier stabilized,and in response to the crisis in Hedong caused by the reduction in Jiechi production in 1757,Qing court agreed to lend salt from Mongolia to the Hedong.Alax seized this opportunity to collaborate with the Qing court and swiftly expanded the salt market in the interior,subsequently compelling the Qing court to adjust its management policy multiple times.In contrast,Ordos declined to lend salt,maintaining the status quo in its interior salt market and associated management practices.
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