首页|"科斯的灯塔"之外:中国海域的另一种收费型私有灯塔

"科斯的灯塔"之外:中国海域的另一种收费型私有灯塔

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近代史上的灯塔收费问题在过去一个多世纪里是研究者们讨论的重要内容.灯塔收费除被作为公共品理论的案例加以研究外,由"科斯的灯塔"引出的非政府授权和强力支持的收费型私有灯塔是否存在及其收费形式的议题,也受到部分研究者重点关注.把目光从科斯及其追随者和商榷者所关注的英格兰和威尔士移开后,通过对来自中国浙东海域的"募资型灯塔"案例的分析可以确认,在"科斯的灯塔"之外,非政府授权和强力支持的收费型私有灯塔以特殊形式存在.在近代本土航运业发展和市民社会发育的背景下,混合有一定公益属性的"募资型灯塔"出现并以道德约束的形式向同乡和同业的部分船业主等灯塔使用者收取资金、维持灯塔运转,然这种名为"募资"、实为收费的模式因缺少政府授权和强力支持,难以有效排除"搭便车"行为、难以通过有限的收费对象和额度直接盈利.本文回应了学术史上关于是否存在非政府授权的收费型私有灯塔的讨论,丰富了 自穆勒特别是自科斯以来关于灯塔收费问题的讨论,尤其有助于更好地理解相关学者对"科斯的灯塔"的延展性或批判性研究.
Beyond"Coase's Lighthouse":Another Kind of Charging Private Property Lighthouse
The issue of lighthouse tolling in modern history has been an important topic of discussion among researchers for more than a century.In addition to the case study of the theory of public goods,some researchers focus on the issue of the existence and charging mode of the tolled private property lighthouses that are authorized and supported without the government.Moving away from the focus of Coase,his followers and critics on England and Wales,through the analysis of the"Raising funds lighthouse"case from Zhoushan Sea,it can be confirmed that tolling private property lighthouse authorized and supported without government does exist,and it can complete the actual tolling behavior through a specific form.However,this kind of lighthouse has some charitable attributes,it is difficult to make profits directly through the limited collection objects due to the lack of government authorization and strong support.This study responds to the academic hypothesis of the existence of toll-based private property lighthouses authorized and supported without government,enriched the discussion of lighthouse tolls since Mill,especially since Coase,and in particular contributes to a better understanding of the interpretive or critical study of"Coase's lighthouse"by relevant scholars later.

Coase's LighthouseRaising Funds LighthouseEddie & COCommissioner of Customs

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厦门大学历史与文化遗产学院

中国海关史研究中心,厦门,361005

科斯的灯塔 募资型灯塔 益利公司 海关税务司

国家社会科学基金重大项目

21&ZD220

2024

中国经济史研究
中国社会科学院经济研究所

中国经济史研究

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.304
ISSN:1002-8005
年,卷(期):2024.(2)
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