The China Maritime Customs'Strategy toward Japan under the Tension of Northeast China:Focusing on the Anti-Smuggling Problem in Antung,1929-1931
At present,when discussing The China Maritime Customs'response of the"Manchurian Customs Incident",they neglect the CMC's strategy against Japan during the critical period of Northeast China,and this factor could be revealed by the research into the anti-smuggling problem in Antung.Since House were established,Antung Custom respected the Japanese prerogatives,and the Japanese authorities cooperated with the Custom,forming a collaborative relationship which became a guarantee for the operation of the Custom.However,so-called'co-operation'seriously constrained the Custom's anti-smuggling ability,and after 1929 dramatically increased smuggling in Antung by the shelter of South Manchuria Railway Zone further highlighting that dilemma.In this regard,the CMC actively strengthened their Preventive Work,meanwhile negotiating with Japan to support Antung Custom to suppress smuggling,which aimed to adjust the"co-operation".However,Japanese negative attitude pressed Antung Custom only accepted the Japanese extremely limited measures,or the Japanese assistance won't have.Although the Nationalist government resolutely opposed Japanese restriction in anti-smuggling,it finally conceded to Japan for alleviating tension,which led to recognize the'co-operation'between the CMC and Japan.The need for the Customs'operation and the recognition from the Nationalist government prompted the CMC to seek a new'co-operation'with the puppet regime"Manchukuo"even after the Mukden Incident,which ultimately failed because it affronted national sovereignty.The CMC's strategy toward Japan during the tension in Northeast China was a key factor in its decision-making in the"Manchurian Customs Incident",which was important for deepening the understanding of the CMC's role in the Sino-foreign conflict.
Antung CustomsSouth Manchuria Railway ZoneChinese Maritime Customs Preventive ServiceCo-operation between Customs and JapanManchurian Customs Incident
NETL
NSTL
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