"Prosperous of Copper Coins"is Not Easy to Obtain:The Management and Effectiveness of Local Copper Coins Casting in Qing Dynasty——Taking the Baojin Copper Coins Casting Bureaus of Qianlong Dynasty as an Example
During the Qianlong Dynasty,copper coins casting bureaus were widely opened in various regions,with an rapid increase in casting furnaces and copper coins.The official bureau of casting entered a new historical stage.Behind the flourishing of"Qian long copper coins",not only were there institutional arrangements and administrative reforms made by the state at the level of policy for managing copper materials and laws regulating copper coins,but also local copper coins casting bureaus tirelessly tried to fulfill their obligation and made various plans to ensure the supply of copper coins.Even local merchants joined in,undertaking tasks such as copper mining and transportation,donating funds,and paying for the cost of purchasing copper.Taking the Baojin as an example,this paper analyzed the planning and actual effect of the copper coins casting bureaus in Qing dynasty.It's found that local businessmen played an important role in the transportation of raw materials.There was a deviation between the actual cost of copper coins casting and the officially approved cost.The difference was partly borne by businessmen.The casting business,which appeared to have a considerable surplus in official records,actually cost a lot.Copper Coins Casting Bureaus,with there raw metrial were purchased by merchants and their business was under government control,were difficult to maintain,and the local government driven by interests would add more casting furnaces in the short term to increase the local fiscal public expenses,butit would have an irreversible negative impact on the monetary system.The government interfered and had no plans in the copper coins casting,distribution and exchange process.It just simply increased or decrease the number of casting furnaces,increased or decrease the amount of money distributed for military salaries and that used for market sales,and it can not accurately control the market monetary system at arelatively stable level.
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