Internationalization,Localization and Marketization:Medicinal Material Circulation and East Asian Economic System in the 17th and 18th Centuries
16th to 19th centuries were an important period for the formation and transformation of the regional market in pre-modern East Asia.As an important part of commodity circulation in East Asia,the trade of medicinal materials developed in the 16th and 17th centuries with the circulation of silver,and formed a trade network and professional medicinal materials market that connected the international and domestic markets of the three East Asian countries.The production and trade of medicinal materials in the 17th and 18th centuries appeared a coexistence of"localization"and"internationalization"in the production and trade of medicinal materials in the 17th and 18th centuries.In addition consumption also interacted with production and trade,showing obvious market-oriented characteristics.The effects of the pre-modern East Asian medicinal material trade were not merely an increase in trade volume.It has built a more compact production,circulation,consumption network and social and economic system than the previous period.
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