An Issue of Corvee about Pilong in the Qin and Han Dynasties
"Pilong"(罢癃)included all kinds of disabled men and women in the Qin and Han dynasties.The view that adult disabled men obtained the identity mark of"Pilong"through Fuji(傅籍)is not entirely advisable.The disabled person obtained the identity mark of"Pilong"through"Zhanlong"(占 癃)when the government counted household registration in August every year.Adult disabled men needed to Fuji in the government,and they were counted in the Pilong Bu(《罢癃簿》)or Dulong Bu(《笃癃簿》).According to the degree of disability,adult disabled men were classified into"able to do"("可 事")or"unable to do"("不可事");The former performed light or half corvee,while the latter were exempted from corvee.Pilong did not perform military service or corvee with long-distance in the Qin Dynasty.They were engaged in trivial matters in the hometown.According to the Tangyi Yuanshou Er-nian Yaoju Bu(《堂邑元寿二年要具簿》)and Changsha Dongpailou Bamboo Slips(长沙东牌楼简牍),we found that the"Suanzu"(算卒)appeared alone in the Dongpailou household registration slip indeed refers to"Suanjiazu"(算甲卒).Some"Suanzu"(算卒)together with"Dulong"(笃癃)was"Dulongzu"(笃癃卒)or"Pilongzu"(罢癃卒),that recruited adult disabled men who were still able to work.The"Pilongzu"could be replaced by paying a certain amount of"Pilongzuqian"(罢癃卒钱).The amount should be half of a healthy adult male,which is estimated to be 150 qian.From the unearthed documents,the data of"Fuchu Pilongsuan"(复除罢癃算)are possibly falsified,because the proportion of"unable to do"was too high.It was obvious that people who should not be exempted from corvee are evading corvee by using the name of Pilong,which reflects another truth of national policy in actual implementation.
Qin and Han DynastiesPilongPilongzuPilongzuqianPilongsuan
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